Intervertebral discs are great structures that help provide a smooth range of motion while absorbing shock caused due to impacts. This minimizes the risk of spinal injuries due to mild to moderate impacts. This is the reason why spinal discs are also known as cushions present between each of the vertebrae that form our spine.
If any of these discs are damaged, the range of motion of the affected area will become a limited plus, pain in the back and neck will also be experienced. A good percentage of damaged disc cases require surgical intervention where the problematic disc is removed, and an artificial disc made of metal alloy is placed. This helps improve the symptoms associated with the condition. Special orthopedic implants and instruments are required during artificial disc replacement surgery.
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In this post, we will talk about artificial disc replacement surgery in detail.
Developed as a replacement to spinal fusion, artificial disc replacement surgery or disc arthroplasty is considered one of the best spinal surgical procedures that are performed to fix injuries or other spinal conditions involving intervertebral disc(s). The goal of this surgery is to relieve pain and other symptoms associated with damaged spinal discs.
Now, the point here is what are the reasons for damage to the intervertebral discs.
Intervertebral discs can damage due to both traumatic and non-traumatic causes. The most common cause of such a condition is age-related wear & tear. This is a natural phenomenon, and as we grow old, rupturing of spinal discs is common, and this could lead to other major issues. Besides this, traumatic injuries are also among the commonest traumatic causes for spinal disc injuries.Sometimes, non-surgical methods of treatment cannot provide relief, or such methods are not feasible for the severity of injury that occurred. In such cases, artificial disc replacement surgery is recommended.
Replacement of damaged disc with an artificial one is done in an operation theatre after giving anesthesia to the patient. This is done to keep him/her asleep during the surgery to avoid pain.
At the start, the surgeon will clean the skin over the affected spinal region and make an incision to expose the damaged spinal disc. After the incision is made, the surgeon will move soft tissues like skin and muscles aside gently to avoid any damage while removing the disc. The damaged intervertebral disc is removed with the help of specialized orthopedic instruments.
Once the problematic disc is removed, the area is cleaned, and the artificial spinal disc is placed in the gap. Now, the soft tissue structures that were gently moved aside are brought back to their original positions and the incision is closed. The dressing is then applied to cover the incision.
For better recovery, it is important to follow all the instructions shared by the surgeon. The recovery will also depend upon certain factors including the severity & exact location of the operated disc and the age & health condition of the patient.
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